In honor of Abraham Lincoln’s Bicentennial Birthday Commemoration, and this being poetry month, I would like to share my reflections on the following poem, which I read in 8th grade:
O Captain! My Captain!
O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done,
The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won,
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
While following eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;
But O heart! heart! heart!
O the bleeding drops of red,
Where on the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;
Rise up—for you the flag is flung—for you the bugle trills,
For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths—for you the shores a-crowding,
For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;
Here Captain! dear father!
This arm beneath your head!
It is some dream that on the deck,
You’ve fallen cold and dead.
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still,
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will,
The ship is anchor’d safe and sound, its voage closed and done,
From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;
Exult O shores, and ring O bells!
But I with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies
Fallen cold and dead.
(Source: The Portable Walt Whitman)
When we read this poem in my 8th grade social studies class, we were studying the Reconstruction period of American history. My teacher told us that Walt Whitman wrote this poem around 1865, when, days after the end of the Sectional (Civil) War’s end, Abraham Lincoln was assassinated.
Think of this time in history: The Sectional (Civil) War had ended, and everyone in the Union was rejoicing that the terrible war had finally ended. Much of the language of this poem conveys this sense of great pomp and celebration: “the bells I hear, the people all exulting”, “bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths”, “the flag is flung”, and “the bugle trills”. If you’ve seen the very beginning minute of the movie National Treasure 2: The Book of Secrets, you can see the great triumphant sentiment that was abounding.
So how crushing it must have been when Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. The great victory was followed by the great tragedy. President Lincoln had been the one who guided the Union through its most difficult years, and he had already been composing plans to reintegrate the Southern states back into the Union. But before he could implement most of his plans, he was slain. In fact, some history experts think that if Abraham Lincoln had lived out the rest of his term, the Reconstruction process would have proceeded much more smoothly.
The poem also has many words that express these tragic sentiments: “O the bleeding drops of red,/Where on the deck my Captain lies,/Fallen cold and dead.” And the line “Fallen cold and dead” is repeated in each stanza, so it truly suggests that the speaker moves “with mournful tread”.
I believe that this poem accurately states the tragic sentiments that many people felt upon President Lincoln’s death. It appears to demonstrate that Walt Whitman’s poetry reflected contemporary events that were happening in America, and that he felt deeply for the wounds of America’s soul.
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